paraquat
Synonyms: "1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium", "dimethyl viologen", "starfire", "weedol", "spraytop-graze", "dextrone X"
Source: paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world.
Identifiers:
IUPAC Name: 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium
CAS Number: 4685-14-7
PubChem ID: 15939
InChiKey: INFDPOAKFNIJBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C=C2)C
Structural Properties:
Molecular Formula: C12H14N2
Molecular Weight: 186.253
Pharmacophore Features:
Number of bond donors: 0
Number of bond acceptors: 0
Number of atoms different from hydrogen: 14
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Evidence Supporting This Chemical as an Endocrine Disruptor
TEDX List of Potential Endocrine Disruptors
Edmonds BK, Edwards GL. 1996. The area postrema is involved in paraquat-induced conditioned aversion behavior and neuroendocrine activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Brain Res 712(1):127-133.
FitzGerald GR, Barniville G, FitzPatrick P, Edwards A, Silke B, Carmody M, O'Dwyer WF. 1977. Adrenal abnormalities in paraquat poisoning: An indication for corticosteroid therapy. Ir J Med Sci 146(12):421-423.